Tropicana: History

Tropicana is a world known cabaret and club in Havana, Cuba. It was launched in 1939 at Villa Mina, a six-acre suburban estate with lush tropical gardens in Havana's Marianao neighborhood.
The spectacular showplace that became The Tropicana evolved out of a Depression-era bohemian nightclub called Edén Concert, operated by Cuban impresario Victor de Correa. One day, two casino operators approached de Correa about opening a combination casino and cabaret on property on the outskirts of Havana rented from Guillermina Pérez Chaumont, known as Mina. The operators felt that the tropical gardens of her Villa Mina, would provide a lush natural setting for an outdoor cabaret. They cut a deal, and in December 1939, de Correa moved his company of singers, dancers and musicians into a converted mansion located on the estate. De Correa provided the food and entertainment, while Rafael Mascaro and Luis Bular operated the casino located in the chandeliered dining room of the estate's mansion. Originally known as El Beau Site, de Correa decided to rename the club Tropicana, because of its tropical atmosphere and "na" after the last syllable of the original owner, Mina. With a fanfare from the Alfredo Brito Orchestra, the Club Tropicana, opened on December 30, 1939. Its popularity with tourists grew steadily until the outbreak of World War II, which sharply curtailed tourism to Cuba.

Martín Fox
During this time, Martín Fox, a burly, gregarious and well-connected gambler, began renting table space in the casino.[4] Eventually, by 1950, he would amass enough profits to take over the lease of what would become The Tropicana. Martin Fox came to Havana from the countryside. They nicknamed "Guajiro Fox" (Fox, the peasant or country bumpkin) and he was big in the numbers of racket. As a person born and raised in the country, he loved plants and become their most ardent keeper. He had no education whatsoever, but he was bold and had close relations with the more solvent groups. Thus, in a few years he toppled Victor de Correa and, together with Alberto Ardura and Oscar Echemendia, formed an entrepreneurial trilogy that made Tropicana one of the most famous nightclubs in the continent. Hanging in through tough times, which included a temporary ban on casino gambling, Fox bought out de Correa's interest in 1951 and tapped Alberto Ardura and Oscar Echemendia to replace him.

Glory days and architectural splendor
This is when Tropicana's glory years really began. Ardura hired maverick choreographer Roderico "Rodney" Neyra away from his chief rival on the cabaret scene, the Club San Souci, and Fox contracted up-and-coming architect Max Borges-Recio, who created Tropicana's Arcos de Cristal, a building composed of parabolic concrete arches and glass walls over an indoor stage. Construction continued through 1951. Giant fruit trees were left in situ during construction to punctuate the interior. When the indoor cabaret at the air-conditioned Arcos de Cristal opened on March 15, 1952, it had a combined total seating capacity of 1,700 for the interior and outside areas with furniture designed by Charles Eames. The Arcos de Cristal won numerous international prizes when it was built and was one of only six Cuban buildings included in the landmark 1954 Museum of Modern Art exhibit entitled "Latin American Architecture since 1945."

Showgirls
The showgirls at the Tropicana, known collectively as "Las Diosas de Carne" (or "Flesh Goddesses"), were renowned the world over for their voluptuousness, and the cabaret showcased a kind of sequin-and-feather musical theater that would be copied in Paris, New York, and Las Vegas. The lavish shows were staged by Neyra. Headliners included Xavier Cugat, Paul Robeson, Yma Sumac, Carmen Miranda, Nat King Cole, and Josephine Baker. Liberace never performed there officially, but took to the stage with mambo star Ana Gloria Varona on the one day in 1955 that he held a large party for the Cuban press corps. Heralded as a "Paradise Under the Stars", the Tropicana became known for its showgirls, conga sounds, domino tournaments and flashy, spectacular productions. In "Tropicana Nights" Nat King Cole's wife Maria paints a colorful portrait of the venue in its heyday: "It was breathtaking! My mouth just fell open...there was so much color, so much movement...and the orchestra! The house band had forty musicians...I said to Nat, ’that's the house band? (Are there) that many showgirls?"

The Mob

Martín Fox and his brother Pedro continued to own the nightclub until the day they left Cuba. The casino nonetheless bore the name of Harry "Lefty" Clark (aliases: William Gusto, William G. Buschoff, Frank Bischoff), an associate of Trafficante's. There are disputing accounts of the extent of power that the Trafficante gang had over the club, but all records show that the Fox family maintained control over all operations of the club, even while hiring known mob figures to work at the casino, for example, Wilbur (no relation to Lefty) of Las Vegas's Desert Inn.[7] and Pierre Canavese who had been previously deported from the U.S. to Italy but had subsequently entered Cuba by means of a fraudulent passport and was closely associated with Lucky Luciano.

The drive through entrance before you reach the club. Much more dramatic in person.